Article 15 — Accuracy, Robustness and Cybersecurity

Article 15

Accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity

1. High-risk AI systems shall be designed and developed in such a way that they achieve an appropriate level of accuracy,
robustness, and cybersecurity, and that they perform consistently in those respects throughout their lifecycle.

2. To address the technical aspects of how to measure the appropriate levels of accuracy and robustness set out in
paragraph 1 and any other relevant performance metrics, the Commission shall, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders
and organisations such as metrology and benchmarking authorities, encourage, as appropriate, the development of
benchmarks and measurement methodologies.

3. The levels of accuracy and the relevant accuracy metrics of high-risk AI systems shall be declared in the accompanying
instructions of use.

4. High-risk AI systems shall be as resilient as possible regarding errors, faults or inconsistencies that may occur within
the system or the environment in which the system operates, in particular due to their interaction with natural persons or
other systems. Technical and organisational measures shall be taken in this regard.

The robustness of high-risk AI systems may be achieved through technical redundancy solutions, which may include
backup or fail-safe plans.

High-risk AI systems that continue to learn after being placed on the market or put into service shall be developed in such

a way as to eliminate or reduce as far as possible the risk of possibly biased outputs influencing input for future operations
(feedback loops), and as to ensure that any such feedback loops are duly addressed with appropriate mitigation measures.

5. High-risk AI systems shall be resilient against attempts by unauthorised third parties to alter their use, outputs or
performance by exploiting system vulnerabilities.

The technical solutions aiming to ensure the cybersecurity of high-risk AI systems shall be appropriate to the relevant
circumstances and the risks.

The technical solutions to address AI specific vulnerabilities shall include, where appropriate, measures to prevent, detect,
respond to, resolve and control for attacks trying to manipulate the training data set (data poisoning), or pre-trained
components used in training (model poisoning), inputs designed to cause the AI model to make a mistake (adversarial
examples or model evasion), confidentiality attacks or model flaws.

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj 61/144
EN OJ L, 12.7.2024

SECTION 3

Obligations of providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems and other parties